-
Reflections over Canada’s China Policy
Abstract: Canada’s
relationship with China is long-standing and dates from well before the
establishment of diplomatic relations in 1970. Over
1.8 million Canadian residents are of Chinese origin, and Chinese is Canada’s
third most spoken language after English and French. China is now Canada’s
second largest trading partner. However, the Sino-Canada relationship is at a record low
level due to multiple incidents including the mutual diplomat expelling, the sanction against AIIB and the proposed
foreign interference act. Chinese interference
fears have gripped Ottawa. In late February this year, some Canadian
politicians and media successively hyped up the so-called
"interference" of the Chinese consular agency in Canada in the
election and internal affairs of Canada. The employee’s resignation from AIIB
is weird and too much of a rush, making us wonder if foreign policy should be
changed based on certain individual incidents. The proposed foreign
interference act is targeted at Russia, China, Iran and North Korea, making us
wonder why other countries are not mentioned. Though mutual trade continues to grow, it is worth noting that Q4 2022 saw a meaningful
decline in imports from China to Canada. Broad relations between China and
Canada chilled throughout 2022. In spite of the declining trend on the Canadian
side, there are signs of increasing trade with China from the US and European
side. the total trade in goods between China and the US in 2022 increased by
about 5% over the previous year, reaching about 690 billion US dollars, more than
7 times the size between Canada and China. In 2022,
Canada-China bilateral FDI dropped to its lowest since 2003; investment from
China accounted for only 1% of total Asia-to-Canada FDI, and Canadian
investment in China made up only 0.4% of Canadian outbound FDI in the region,
well below the annual average of C$13B between 2003 and 2021. As for
immigrants, in 2022 there was a sharp increase of immigrants from Afghanistan
and Nigeria, whose people may surpass those from China and India in the future. While Canada is denouncing China and reducing its
expatriates, the US is increasing its contact with Beijing and signing many
record-breaking contracts. According to President Biden, the United States does
not seek a new Cold War, it does not seek to change China’s system, its
alliances are not directed at China, and it does not seek conflicts with China.
In
recent years, with the rise of China and the relative stagnation of Canada,
China-Canada relations have faced a number of challenges and opportunities. Canada
needs to strengthen cooperation with China in the economic and trade field for
the mutual economic benefits of Canada and China as well as for maintaining a
new international order. At the same time, China has made significant progress
in scientific and technological innovations, artificial intelligence, 5G and
other fields, and Canada needs to strengthen cooperation with China in these
fields to enhance its competitiveness and economy of scale. Canada also needs to adopt a more
positive attitude and take measures to strengthen its own development and
reform. In short, China-Canada relations are so complex and important that
joint efforts and cooperation from both sides are required. The present policy
is not wise, fair, practicable nor sustainable. Containing or no contact is
either stupid or vicious.
Key
Words:
China; threats; fairness; practicability; trade and investment
I. Situation
The present Sino-Canada relationship
is at a record low level, possibly similar to the one when Meng of Huawei was arrested
in Vancouver.
After being pressed by the Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, Foreign Affairs
Minister Mélanie Joly cited China's "interference in our internal
affairs" in declaring Chinese diplomat Zhao Wei persona non
grata. As expected, in reply China expelled a Canadian diplomat,
Jennifer Lynn Lalonde. The latest Canada-China spat is only one sign of
hostility between the world's free-market democracies and what appears to be an
emerging alternative bloc[i]. This
was aggravated by the foreign police station assertion, the AIIB employee
quitting incident and the foreign interference act proposal.
II. Problems
1. Trade
Exports to China expanded dramatically in the last few months of 2022.
While total exports only grew 2% between 2021 and 2022, for most of 2022,
exports were expected to shrink. In line with past trends, imports from China
in 2022 grew once again, at a rate of 16.36% compared to 2021. It is worth
noting that Q4 2022 saw a meaningful decline in imports from China to Canada. The
rate of growth in trade with China is relatively 12.02% and 12.83% for the year
2021 and for the year 2022.
While November was a standout, broad relations between
China and Canada chilled throughout 2022. This will unquestionably have some impact on the complexity of future
trading and investment relations[ii].
In spite of the declining trend on the Canadian side, there are signs of
increasing trade with China from the US and European side. Microsoft co-founder
Bill Gates had a discussion with President Xi Jinping of China on June 16,
2023. He revealed on his blog that this is his first visit to China in four
years. Let's look at Tesla, the U.S. pure electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer,
whose Shanghai plant accounts for 40 percent of its production capacity (750,000
units). At the end of May, CEO Elon Musk visited China for the first time in
three years. Jamie Dimon, CEO of JP Morgan Chase, the largest U.S. bank,
visited Shanghai in late May and said he would not stop investing in the
Chinese market. Apple CEO Tim Cook, Qualcomm CEO Cristiano Amon, Intel CEO Pat
Kissinger and others have also visited China. According to the US Department of
Commerce, the total trade in goods between China and the US in 2022 increased
by about 5% over the previous year, reaching about 690 billion US dollars. In
April, French President Emmanuel Macron led the head of Airbus and other
business leaders to visit China and received a grand reception from the Chinese
side. In addition, German Chancellor Scholz also led a business delegation to
China last autumn. On June 20, a delegation led by Chinese Premier Li Qiang
visited Germany to discuss economic cooperation[iii].
2. Investment
Since 2019,
China has gradually lost its record-breaking inflation rates and forecasts of
an impending recession likely contributed to the decline in two-way investment.
Yet, they were not the only factors contributing to the decline in FDI flows.
Other factors, such as the perception of regulatory uncertainty in Canada’s
mining sector and a bleak global economic outlook – in the face of the war in
Ukraine and weakened supply chains - have led to a slowdown in FDI flows as
firms increasingly adopted a wait-and-see approach to investment.
In
2022, Canada-China bilateral FDI dropped to its lowest since 2003; investment
from China accounted for only 1% of total Asia-to-Canada FDI, and Canadian
investment in China made up only 0.4% of Canadian outbound FDI in the region, well
below the annual average of C$13B between 2003 and 2021[iv].
This is in sharp
contrast to the investment performance during the governance of Stephen Harper.
3. Immigrants
There was a 177
per cent spike in new permanent residents to Canada from Afghanistan in 2022. Last
year, Canada welcomed 23,735 Afghanis as immigrants, up 15,165 people from the
8,570 in 2021. The meteoric rise in immigration from Afghanistan is all the
more startling when last year’s performance is compared to the immigration
level prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2019. In those three
years, immigration from Afghanistan to Canada has soared by 508.6 per cent.
Also showing a
large percentage growth in immigration to Canada is Nigeria. Last year, that
country was the fourth most important source of new permanent residents to
Canada with 22,085 Nigerians making the move. That was up 41.6 per cent over
the 15,595 Nigerians who became new permanent residents of Canada in 2021.
An old speech by
UAE foreign minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed is going viral. In the clip,
Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed is speaking against the blind influx of large-scale
refugees into European nations and many netizens have essentially blamed them,
mostly Muslims, for the violence in France. Those interested can take the time
to watch what the UAE minister had said in 2017[v].
However, the
rates of increase from India and from China are respectively 7.7% and 2.6%
though they were the top two in the numbers[vi].
III. Discussion
1. Whether It Is Based on Facts
1) Chinese Overseas Police Stations
Safeguard Defenders, a Spanish human rights group, says China has dozens
of police stations around the world, including in Britain and the United
States. In a report last September, the group said the sites were being used to
"harass, threaten, intimidate and coerce targets to return to China for
persecution." "We have known for many months that Chinese police have
been present all over Canada and we are making sure that the RCMP are following
up and that our intelligence services are taking it seriously," Trudeau
told reporters in Ottawa.
China's foreign ministry has lashed out at Canada over allegations that
it secretly operates two overseas police stations in the province of Quebec.
China's foreign Ministry has previously described these foreign police stations
as service stations that provide
official services to Chinese people abroad who need help, such as renewing
their Chinese driving licenses. Such citizen services are usually performed by
embassies or consulates and it is alleged that the actions of their overseas
agents are in accordance with international law[vii].
After some investigations, the author has found out that some
organizations have assisted certain Chinese regional police stations (like the
Fuzhou Police Station) in the so called “Overseas 110 Operation” (note that
“110” is similar to “911” in North America). First, such actions are legitimate
to fight against financial or telecommunications fraud either at home or
abroad. Secondly, those non-profit organizations are not police stations even
though they may have helped certain Chinese regional police stations.
Therefore, it is not wise to quickly accuse the Chinese side of such serious
crimes. However, the Chinese side needs to notify the reciprocal party in
Canada so that they can understand and cooperate in this respect, while the
Canadian side needs to get to know and understand more before accusing the
Chinese side of any wrongdoing.
2) China’s Interference in Canadian Politics
Chinese interference fears have gripped Ottawa. But appearing before
House committees recently, Andrew Mitrovica realised that Canada should be
scared most of its own MPs. The scheme is dangerous and corrosive. Livelihoods
and reputations are being damaged by inept intelligence officials and their
grateful conduits in the media and on Parliament Hill. In an interim report, Johnston found that China’s influence
campaigns had no impact on those elections that media reports surrounding the
scope and nature of that interference were overblown or “false,” and that,
as a sinister by-product, loyal Canadians were being tarred as disloyal. It
appears, according to Mitrovica, that a succession of federal court judges has,
in the recent past, slammed the involved intelligence officials for withholding
information from the court, lying and routinely breaking the law.
When questioned by the CTV journalist Joyce Napier about threats to his
Hong Kong family regarding what kind of threat and who threatened, the
Conservative MP Michael Chong could not specify what actual threat he got while
he emphasized suppression of the Uyghur people in Xinjiang in the PRC. He also
mentioned that he had not had any contact with his family for the last several
years[viii].
In another occasion, Michael Chong said he was "deeply disappointed"
that Canadian intelligence agencies did not alert him to a possible Chinese
threat to his family in Hong Kong after learning of it in newspapers. While
CSIS had briefed him on foreign threat operations, "those briefings did
not mention specific threats to me or my family from those operations." In
late February this year, some Canadian politicians and media successively hyped
up the so-called "interference" of the Chinese consular agency in
Canada in the election and internal affairs of Canada. The spokesperson of the
Chinese Consulate General in Toronto pointed out that some Canadian media and
politicians spread false information, deliberately damaging the reputation and
image of the Consulate General and maliciously interfering with normal
exchanges and cooperation between the two sides. The Consulate General urges
relevant media and politicians to respect the facts and immediately stop
spreading rumors and smearing people[ix].
Actually, McNamara formerly of Vancouver Police Service and Merrifield
of RMCP – in addition to several Canadian politicians of Chinese descent – have
had their allegiance to the maple leaf sullied by people of an intelligence
agency who enjoy the comfort of anonymity. Those two are victims of a dangerous
hysteria gripping Canada over the scope and nature of Chinese interference in
Canadian elections and society, ginned up by scoop-thirsty reporters and
timorous intelligence folks who do not give a single thought about the human
costs of their sinister handiwork[x].
3) AIIB Employee Assertion
A senior employee of the Beijing-based Asian Infrastructure Investment
Bank (AIIB) said on 15 June 2023 that he was advised to flee the country after
resigning from the bank in protest over what he alleged was Chinese Communist
Party influence[xi].
Bob Pickard, a Canadian national and former global communications chief for the
AIIB, announced his resignation in a scathing social media post on 14 June 2023.
He did not elaborate on who advised him to flee. Hours later Ottawa said it was
freezing ties with the bank while it probed the allegations. China’s embassy in
Canada said on 14 June 2023 that Pickard’s statements were “lies”. China’s
foreign ministry on 15 June 2023 said the AIIB adhered to “principles of
openness, meritocracy and transparency” when recruiting and managing staff. The
AIIB said a day earlier it had accepted Pickard’s resignation and called his
comments “baseless and disappointing.”
A public relations veteran, Pickard joined the AIIB in March 2022,
according to his LinkedIn profile. Earlier this year, AIIB’s president said the
bank would not get dragged into political disputes. AIIB later declared that it
would cooperate with the Canadian side in its investigations.
AIIB was promoted by the Chinese government. However, it is a relevantly
independent organization. With his rich experiences in public relations, the
author thinks Pickard’s resignation is rather weird. From the fact that an
individual resignation could trigger a bilateral dispute, the author would not
recommend a quick conclusion, let alone that Pickard has been working as Director
General of Communications at the bank. As a matter of fact, he had posted a
year ago on LinkedIn, it “feels awesome to be back in Asia to start my new job as
the comms chief at the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank”, and he was “hoping to be at my post in the
bank's Beijing headquarters from May 10th onward”[xii].
2. Whether It Is Fair
The Minister of Public Safety, the Honourable Marco Mendicino, announced
in March 2023 the launch of consultations to guide the creation of a Foreign
Influence Transparency Registry in Canada, to ensure transparency and
accountability from people who advocate on behalf of a foreign government and
ensure communities who are often targeted by attempts at foreign interference
are protected[xiii].
The national security adviser Jody Thomas says "a number of state actors
and non-state proxies" are conducting foreign interference in Canada, and
at a conference last week she listed three countries that Ottawa has frequently
cited: China, Russia and Iran[xiv].
According to the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, the state-sponsored
cyber programs of China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea continue to pose the
greatest strategic threats to Canada[xv].
In response to
the“Foreign Influence Transparency Registry”, the organization Your View
Matters highlighted several of the issues: a) the
problems with the proposed registry such as the marginalization of immigrant
communities; b) the validity of already-existing laws
that can touch on foreign influence, and; c) the
need to hold all governments with potential foreign influence operations in
Canada to account, rather than a select few governments
(like Russia, China, Iran and North Korea) the Canadian government is opposed
to[xvi].
Actually, Canada is the first of the five eye countries to do this.
While Canada is denouncing China and reducing its expatriates, the US is
increasing its contact with Beijing and signing many record-breaking contracts.
The Secretary of State made clear that while China and the US will compete
vigorously, the United States will responsibly manage that competition so that the relationship does not veer into
conflict. Noting the importance of ties between the people of the United
States and the PRC, both sides welcomed
strengthening people-to-people exchanges between students, scholars, and
business. This includes a commitment to working to increase the number of
direct flights between the two countries. Both sides agreed on follow-on senior
engagements in Washington and Beijing to continue open lines of communication.
The Secretary made clear that the United States will work with its allies and
partners to advance our vision for a world that is free, open, and upholds the
rules-based international order[xvii].
As mentioned in another report, the United States “stands by the commitments
made by President Biden, namely the United States does not seek a new Cold War,
it does not seek to change China’s
system, its alliances are not directed at China, it does not support
‘Taiwan’s independence’, and it does not
seek conflict with China," China Central Television quoted Blinken as
saying. According to the top US diplomat, Washington
looks forward to high-level exchanges with Beijing and hopes to maintain
free communication. The US also hopes that China will responsibly handle
existing differences between the countries and seek dialogue and cooperation[xviii].
3. Whether It Is Practical
Labelled "global fragmentation,"
the issue was raised at a recent International Monetary Fund meeting in
Washington, D.C. The current Canadian dispute may represent a further
fracturing of the world into competing trade blocs that will not only make
us all poorer, but impede crucial talks on shared global threats, including
climate change and artificial intelligence. "Even as we
need more international co-operation on multiple fronts, we are facing the
spectre of a new Cold War that could see the world fragment into rival economic
blocs," warned IMF boss Kristalina Georgieva earlier this year. "This
would be a collective policy mistake
that would leave everyone poorer and less secure." Despite a rhetoric
of division and some calls for "decoupling," Goldfarb of Asia Pacific
Foundation points out that Canada's stated Indo-Pacific strategy specifically
includes engagement with China, even as it looks to expand relations with other
Asian trade partners, including India. "You can't simply disengage from the second largest economy in the world,"
she said, pointing out that China is already beginning to develop policy in the
important area of generative artificial intelligence that others, including
Canadian AI leader Geoffrey Hinton, say demands global co-operation.[xix]
4. Whether It Is Sustainable
Canada’s
relationship with China is long-standing and dates from well before the
establishment of diplomatic relations in 1970. Canada
is represented by an embassy in Beijing and consulates general in Chongqing,
Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai. These diplomatic missions are supported by a
secondary network of 10 trade offices, spread across the country, which are
operated through an arrangement with the Canadian Commercial Corporation.
Strong
people-to-people ties link Canada and China: over 1.8 million Canadian residents are of Chinese origin, and in 2020, more
than 117,000 Chinese students with study permits for six months or more
attended Canadian educational institutions. Chinese is Canada’s third most
spoken language after English and French, and immigrants born in China
(including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region) form one of the largest
groups within Canada’s immigrant population[xx].
Year over year, there
was a trio of decliners in terms of consuming Canadian exports. These were Hong
Kong (down -9.2% from 2021), France (down -6.5%) and mainland China (down -2.2%)[xxi].
However, China was the second largest
trade partner with Canada in 2022. Therefore, any wise person may know in
which direction Canada needs to go in terms of trade.
No it is a high time to reconsider
Canada’s relationship with China. First,
it is beneficial to utilize comparative advantage
in international trade. Secondly, it is no more the Cold War era, and China is
now a market economy. Thirdly, the roles of NATO need to be re-examined. On
July 12, Member of Germany's Bundestag Sevim Dagdelen debunked 3 myths peddled
by certain Western governments and their media outlets about NATO, arguing that
“NATO is a defensive alliance" citing the war in Yugoslavia and the one in
Afghanistan and the bombing of the Chinese embassy. She also undermined the
myths that claim “NATO is an alliance of democracies promoting the rule of
law" quoting that 1.5 million people died in the colonial was in Africa,
and “NATO defends human rights" citing the Guantanamo prison and US
imprisonment of Assange for 175 years. “What we need is peace, not NATO,” she
emphasized, addressing the German Federal Parliament on the Vilnius Summit[xxii]. The
author does not agree to the cancellation of NATO, but thinks their roles need
to be reassessed.
IV. Conclusion
Sino-Canada
relations are a complex and important issue, involving political, economic,
cultural and other aspects. In recent years, with the rise of China and the
relative stagnation of Canada, China-Canada relations have faced a number of
challenges and opportunities. In this context, the Canadian government needs to
take positive measures to strengthen economic and trade relations with China
and reduce its dependence on the United States to both become more independent
and obtain more room of discretion and flexibility, which may open another door
to achieve its own development and prosperity.
Canada
needs to strengthen cooperation with China in the economic and trade field for
the mutual economic benefits of Canada and China as well as for maintaining a
new international order. China is one of the largest markets in the world, with
huge consumption power and potential. Canada needs to strengthen cooperation
with China in trade, investment, science and technology to achieve mutual
benefits and win-win results. At the same time, China has made significant
progress in scientific and technological innovations, artificial intelligence,
5G and other fields, and Canada needs to strengthen cooperation with China in
these fields to enhance its competitiveness and scale.
On
the other hand, Canada needs to maintain political cooperation with the United
States to safeguard its own interests and regional stability. At the same time,
Canada also needs to cooperate with other countries on global issues such as
counter-terrorism, non-proliferation and climate change to maintain global
security and stability.
Furthermore,
with the rise of China and the relative stagnation of Canada, Canada needs to
adopt a more positive attitude and measures to strengthen its own development
and reform.
At
the same time, Canada also needs to enhance exchanges and cooperation with
China in order to understand China's culture, history and social system and
provide reference and inspiration for its own economic development and reform
as well as international stability.
In
short, China-Canada relations are a complex and important issue that requires
joint efforts and cooperation from both sides. The present policy is not wise,
fair, practicable nor sustainable. Canada needs to take positive measures to
strengthen economic and trade ties with China and take measures to achieve
greater autonomy and flexibility in economic activities. This may also help
with its own development and reform to adapt to the needs of globalization and
international competition. Otherwise, this policy may turn out to be a very
“fine” one leading Canada to a dilemma and perplexion.
一个又好又公平的政策？
-
对加拿大中国政策的反思
-
（摘要）
加拿大与中国的关系源远流长，早在1970年两国建交之前有关的交往就开始了。超过180万加拿大居民是华裔，汉语是加拿大仅次于英语和法语的第三大语言。中国已成为加拿大第二大贸易伙伴。然而，由于相互驱逐外交官，制裁亚投行和拟议的外国干涉法案等多起事件，中加关系处于历史最低点。对中国干涉的担忧笼罩着渥太华。今年2月下旬，加拿大一些政客和媒体接连炒作中国驻加领事馆所谓“干涉”加选举和内政的事情。那名加拿大员工从亚投行辞职的行为很奇怪，也太过匆忙，让我们怀疑是否应该根据某些个别事件来改变外交政策。“外国干涉法”针对的是俄罗斯、中国、伊朗和朝鲜，为什么没有提到其他国家?尽管双边贸易持续增长，但值得注意的是，2022年第四季度，加拿大从中国的进口大幅下降。整个2022年，中国和加拿大的广泛关系都在降温。尽管加拿大方面的贸易呈下降趋势，但美国和欧洲方面与中国的贸易有增加的迹象。2022年中美货物贸易总额比上年增长约5%，达到6900亿美元左右，是加拿大和中国货物贸易总额的约7倍多。2022年，加中双边直接投资降至2003年以来最低水平：来自中国的投资仅占亚洲对加拿大直接投资总额的1%，加拿大对中国的投资仅占加拿大对该地区对外直接投资的0.4%，远低于2003年至2021年间130亿加元的年平均水平。在移民方面，2022年来自阿富汗和尼日利亚的移民数量急剧增加，未来可能会超过中国和印度。在加拿大谴责中国并减少其外派人员的同时，美国正在加强与北京方面的接触，并签署了许多破纪录的合同。根据拜登总统的说法，美国不寻求一场新的冷战，不寻求改变中国的制度，其对外联盟不针对中国，也不寻求与中国发生冲突。近年来，随着中国的崛起和加拿大的相对停滞，中加关系面临诸多挑战和机遇。加拿大需要加强与中国在经贸领域的合作，以实现加中两国的经济互利，并维护国际新秩序。与此同时，中国在科技创新、人工智能、5G等领域取得重大进展，加拿大需要加强与中国在这些领域的合作，提升竞争力和规模经济效益。加拿大也需要采取更加积极的态度，采取措施加强自身的发展和改革。总之，中加关系既重要又复杂，需要双方一起努力，携手合作。现行的政策不明智、不公平、不实际，也不可持续。遏制或无接触要么是愚蠢的，要么是恶毒的。
关键词：中国；威胁；公平；实用性；贸易和投资
[i] Don Pittis: Economists worry growing conflict with
China will make Canada and the world poorer, CBC News, 12 May 2023. Please take time to
read the whole article by clicking the link https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/global-fragmentation-column-don-pittis-1.6837222.
[ii] Karel Brandenbarg :
Canada-China Trade: 2022 Year in Review, University of Alberta China
Institute, 19 April 2023. Please take time to read
the whole article by clicking the link https://www.ualberta.ca/china-institute/research/analysis-briefs/2023/2022-yearinreview.html.
[iii] European and American
politicians and companies have visited Beijing one after another, but Japanese
maintained a low-key attitude, Banned
Text Network, 1 July 2023, https://www.bannedbook.org/bnews/headline/20230701/1903093.html.
[iv] Asia
Pacific Foundation of Canada: Canada-Asia
Pacific Investment Trends, Investment Monitor, 26 May 2023, Page 5-6. Please
refer to the comprehensive statistical article by clicking https://www.asiapacific.ca/publication/investment-monitor-2023-canada-asia-pacific-investment-in-2022.
[v] "Radicals,
Extremists Will Come...": How UAE Foreign Minister 'Predicted' French
Riots In 2017, Hindustan Times, accessed on 10 July 2023, https://youtu.be/-dV4m43xZmY.
[vi] Colin R. Singer:
India And China Were The Top Sources Of New Permanent Residents To Canada In
2022. Please take time to read the whole article by clicking the link https://www.immigration.ca/india-and-china-were-the-top-sources-of-new-permanent-residents-to-canada-in-2022/.
[vii] China-Canada
relations deteriorate again! China accuses Canada of smearing police overseas，Vancouver
Harbour, 10 March 2023, https://www.bcbay.com/news/2023/03/10/847529.html.
[viii] MP's Family
Threatened, accessed on 20 June 2023. Please take time to watch the video https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/video?clipId=2678807.
[ix] Xue Peiling: Canada's
intelligence services have been accused of covering up MP's families likely
being threatened by China, Oriental
Daily, 4 May 2023. Please take time to read
https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/international/2023/05/04/563738.
[x] Andrew Mitrovica: The
Damage Canada’s Spies Can Do, Aljazeera,
1 June 2023,
https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/6/1/the-damage-canadas-spies-can-do.
[xi] Ex-AIIB comms chief
says was advised to flee China after fiery resignation,
Reuters,
16 June 2023. The reader can also click the following link to read the whole
article: https://business.inquirer.net/405636/ex-aiib-comms-chief-says-was-advised-to-flee-china-after-fiery-resignation#ixzz84uWX7Jt.
[xii] Bob Pickard’s Post, LinkedIn, as accessed on 1 July
2023. Please check https://www.linkedin.com/posts/bobpickard_it-feels-awesome-to-be-back-in-asia-to-start-activity-6923933289539887104-l4xn#:~:text=Bob%20Pickard%27s%20Post&text=1y-,It%20feels%20awesome%20to%20be%20back%20in%20Asia%20to%20start,headquarters%20from%20May%2010th%20onward.
[xiii] Public Safety Canada:
Government of Canada launches public consultations on a Foreign Influence
Transparency Registry in Canada, 10 March 2023. Please refer to the release at https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2023/03/government-of-canada-launches-public-consultations-on-a-foreign-influence-transparency-registry-in-canada.html.
[xiv] India among top
actors for foreign interference in Canada: national security adviser, the
Canadian Press, 5 June 2023. Please take time to refer to the complete article
by clicking https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/india-among-top-actors-for-foreign-interference-in-canada-national-security-adviser-1.6428213#:~:text=More%20pressure%20to%20address%20foreign%20interference&text=Jody%20Thomas%20says%20"a%20number,%3A%20China%2C%20Russia%20and%20Iran.
[xv] Communications
Security Establishment Canada: Canadian Centre for Cyber Security releases
National Cyber Threat Assessment 2023-2024, 23 Oct 2023. Please read the
following release https://www.canada.ca/en/communications-security/news/2022/10/canadian-centre-for-cyber-security-releases-national-cyber-threat-assessment-2023-20242.html.
[xvi] Daniel Xie: Canadians
challenge calls for a foreign influence registry through Petition E-4395, 8 May
2023. Please go to the following website for your view of the electronic
petition https://www.thecanadafiles.com/articles/canadians-challenge-calls-for-a-foreign-influence-registry-through-petition-e-4395.
[xvii] Readout: Secretary
Blinken’s Visit to the People’s Republic of China (PRC), OFFICE OF THE
SPOKESPERSON, JUNE
19, 2023, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/adOf0SkbPJxHSyhTCetN8Q.
[xviii] US doesn't want conflict with China or new Cold War, says Blinken, Tass, 16 June 2023, https://tass.com/world/1634963.
[xix] Don
Pittis: Economists worry growing conflict with China will make Canada and the
world poorer, CBC News, 12 May 2023. Please take time to read the whole article by
clicking the link https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/global-fragmentation-column-don-pittis-1.6837222.
[xx] Government
of Canada: Canada-China relations, modified on 11 May 2023, https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/china-chine/relations.aspx?lang=eng.
[xxi] Daniel Workman:
Canada’s Top Trading Partners, accessed 1 July 2023, https://www.worldstopexports.com/canadas-top-import-partners/.
[xxii] US-led NATO war alliance responsible for death of millions: German MP, Islamic Republic News Agency, 13 July 2023. Please take time to read the short yet interesting article https://en.irna.ir/news/85169006/US-led-NATO-war-alliance-responsible-for-death-of-millions-German. Combate, Tweet, 12 July 2023. Please click the link to watch the alerting video https://twitter.com/upholdreality/status/167920324401315430.
