Monday, January 25, 2016

萨省校园枪杀案给我们的启示 Reflections on Saskatchewan's School Shooting

School Shooting 20160123

123日,加拿大皇家骑警今天对外宣布:一名十七岁学生被控四项一级谋杀罪名,他还被
控七项试图谋杀和非法持有枪支等罪名,凶手行凶的动机目前也还未知[i]。据123日据
CBC报道犯罪嫌疑人将在下周出现在法院的审判席上。

死者有玛丽和亚当。玛丽·维耶Marie Janvier,23岁(有报道称21岁),也是当地代市长凯万·让维耶的独生女儿,具有美丽的笑容;亚当·伍德Adam Wood,35 La Loche Noel社区学校的老师,出生于安省的阿克斯布里奇Uxbridge,去年9月刚到这所学校工作,据称是比较幽默和有旺盛精力的人。

加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多说,显然,这是每个父母最糟糕的噩梦。特鲁多补充道,政府将在今后几周或几个月反思目前的枪支管控法律。萨斯喀彻温省总理布拉德·沃尔当天发表了声明,称言语已经不能表过我对今天发生在La Loche的骇人事件的震惊与悲痛。他还说,心理健康往往起源于缺乏希望。


早在2014年,这个学校就有人担心会出现暴力事件。女教师贾尼丝威尔逊说,一名学生企图在教室用刀刺她,监禁10个月又回到他的班上,后来又在她家袭击了她。在历史上,拉罗彻地区的自杀率一直是萨斯喀彻温省的数倍。据统计,2008年至2012年间该区每年平均每10万人就有43.4宗自杀死亡个案,是全省平均数字(12.7)3倍有多[ii]


萨省校园枪杀事件给我们以下的启示:

1、加拿大已经开始不能独善其身

据悉,卡尔加里西北的Hunting Hills123日也发生激烈枪战,公交车的窗户上被打穿很多弹孔。大批警察不得不封锁街道,并派出直升机巡逻。而不久前在渥太华国会大厦发生的枪击案人们应该还记忆犹新。因为种族问题发生的冲突尤其明显,而特鲁多政府对难民的新政策让人们开始怀疑政府在安全保障方面的能力。

2、政策法律急需跟上

有关枪支管理和罪犯管理的政策急需提到议事日程。

枪支方面[iii],联邦层面来看,加拿大的枪支管理属于Firearms Act以及Criminal CodePart III 管辖的范畴,Firearms Act 用以规范枪支的持有,而Criminal Code 主要是用来定义和分类枪支和相关设备。Firearms Act以及Criminal Code都包括对违反枪支管理条例者的处罚条款,例如一个人如果没有依照法律注册他的限制类枪支,或者用他的武器进行任何非法活动,都可以适用这个两个法律分别进行处罚。省以及市一级地方政府可以通过额外的枪支管理法例和规章。目前,非限制类武器不需要注册,只要是持有效枪牌者,均可以自由购买而无需注册和背景审查。但是限制类枪支就必须注册。非加拿大居民不可以申请限制类枪牌,而且非限制类的枪牌也有诸多限制。

在罪犯管理上,对于有犯罪史的人应该如何处理,急需有一个明确妥善的政策,例如建立电子档案制度,完善罪犯跟踪管理制度,等等。对于即使是未成年人,如果没有成年人跟踪管理,也需强化监督。

3、建立危机防范与管理机制

我们经历了不少枪击案件,虽然不像在美国那样到处都有,随时都有,但是每次事件之后我们究竟有没有反思其原因和其后的背景因素,而且今后我们将如何防范此类事件,或者当此类事件发生该如何应付,这些都要列入议事日程。

4、加强青少年心理健康教育

青少年虽然精力旺盛,一般有着较好的体魄,但是他们的心智还不一定健全,这在一个不发达社区更是如此,因此,如何联合学校老师、家长和社会工作者一起教育他们,将是一个重要的课题。

January 23, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police announced that a 17-year-old student was charged with four counts of first-degree murder, and 7 counts of murders and illegal possession of firearms and other charges. The killer motive of the is still unknown. According to CBC the suspect will appear next Monday to be judged in the Court.

Those dead are Mary and Adam. Marie Janvier is 23 years old (there were reports that 21-year-old), and also the local Acting Mayor Kay Van Janvier's only child, carrying a beautiful smile; Adam Wood, is 35-year-old La Loche Noel Community College School teacher. He was born in Uxbridge, Ontario and came to the school just last September, alleged to be a humorous and energetic person.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said, obviously, this is every parent's worst nightmare. He added, the governments will in the coming weeks review the current gun control laws. Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall said words could not express his shock and grief over the appaling event at such a place in La Loche. He added, mental illness often originated in a lack of hope.

As early as 2014, some people worried that there might be violence at this school. Female teacher Janice Wilson said, a student once attempted to stab her in the classroom. However, after 10 months' imprisonment he returned to his class, and later attacked her at her home. There was other shocking news. Historically, suicide rates in the La Loche area has been several times higher than in Saskatchewan between 2008 to 2012.The district had an annual average of 43.4 per 100,000 suicide deaths, 3 times the province average number (12.7).

Reflections from the Saskatchewan campus shootings event are:

1, Canada can no longer be spared

It is reported that Calgary Northwest Hunting Hills also had a fierce gun battle on January 23, and bus windows were punctured with many bullet holes. A large number of police had blocked the streets, and sent a helicopter for patrols. People may still remember the shooting event not long ago at the Parliament in Ottawa. Conflict due to racial conflict is particularly evident, while Trudeau government 's new refugee policy has made people begin to doubt the Government's capacity in terms of security.

2, There is an urgent need to keep up with policies and laws

Policies on gun control and offender management need to be urgently put on the agenda.

On the federal level, gun control in Canada is regulated by the Firearms Act and the Criminal Code Part Category III jurisdiction, with Firearms Act to regulate firearms holders, and the Criminal Code to define and classify firearms and related equipment. If a person is not registered in accordance with the law of restricted firearms, or holds any weapon with some illegal activities, the two laws can be applied to punish him. Provincial and and municipal governments may have some extra gun control laws and regulations.

Currently, non-restricted weapon does not require registration, with a valid gun license anyone can purchase freely a gun without registration or background check. But restricted firearms must be registered. Non-Canadian residents can not apply for a Restricted gun license, and non-restricted gun license also has many limitations for them.

On the Offender Management, a clear and through policy on how to deal with people with a criminal history needs to be pursued.

Also, an electronic archives system to improve the management system to track criminals needs to be set up. For even the minors, if there is no adult on the side for supervision, but management needs to be enhanced.

3, Crisis prevention and management mechanism should be established

We experienced a lot of shootings, although not like everywhere and anytime in the United States, but every time after the events We really need to re-examine the reasons and the background behind, so that in the future we will know how to prevent such incidents, or when such incidents do occur, how to deal with them.

4,The adolescent mental health education needs to be strengthened


Although teenagers are generally energetic and in good shape physically, their minds are not necessarily well-equipped, this is especially true in an underdeveloped community. Therefore, how to join school teachers, parents and social workers together to educate them, will be an important issue.


(Note: the picture is from Mr. Jason Franson of Canadian Press. 照片来自于加拿大新闻社的杰森. 佛兰森先生)




[i]萨省校园枪击案公布:嫌疑犯为17岁一级谋杀犯,受害者为23岁教师 35岁助教 2名学生兄弟,http://www.sasksun.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=132761

[ii]萨省校园枪击惨案背后原因:自杀阴影长期笼罩小镇,参加网页

[iii]加拿大枪支管理法浅析,参加网页